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1.
Actual. psicol. (Impr.) ; 34(128)jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR, PsiArg | ID: biblio-1383478

ABSTRACT

Resumen El síndrome deBurnouttiene un largo recorrido histórico en el ámbito público de los profesionales dedicados al cuidado de ancianos. En este estudio pretendemos conocer la influencia de diversas variables sociodemográficas sobre el desgaste laboral en profesionales de residencias públicas. La muestra está constituida por 136 trabajadores de ambos géneros y con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 60 años, que desempeñan labores de atención directa y gestión psicosocial. Los instrumentos aplicados han sido el Inventario deburnoutde Maslach & Jackson (1986), y el Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ-28), de Goldberg & Hillier (1979). Nuestros resultados refieren la existencia de diferencias por sexo (en el cansancio emocional, así como en elburnouten general) y por tiempo de antigüedad en la profesión (concretamente en realización personal y enburnouten general). Estos resultados van a reforzar la necesidad de potenciar la resiliencia de los equipos interdisciplinares de profesionales orientados a proteger la salud de las personas trabajadoras en materia de prevención de riesgos laborales.


Abstract Burnout syndrome has had a long history in the public arena of professionals dedicated to the care of the elderly. In this study, we aim to understand the influence of various socio-demographic variables on work-related wear of professionals in public residences. The sample consists of 136 workers of both genders, aged between 18 and 60, who carry out direct care and psychosocial management tasks. The instruments applied were the burnout inventory by Maslach & Jackson (1986), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) by Goldberg & Hillier (1979). Our results point to the existence of differences by sex in emotional fatigue as well as in burnout in general; and by work seniority (specifically, in personal fulfillment; and in burnout in general). These results will reinforce the need to strengthen the resilience of interdisciplinary professional teams aimed at protecting the health of working people in terms of occupational risk prevention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Burnout, Psychological , Caregiver Burden/psychology , Homes for the Aged , Spain , Occupational Health
2.
Ter. psicol ; 34(2): 81-91, jul. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830896

ABSTRACT

La inclusión en el PCL-R del comportamiento criminal previo como criterio para la evaluación de la psicopatía en las prisiones, supone que los individuos evaluados como psicópatas en la comunidad por sus consistencias de personalidad no sean detectados al llegar a prisión. Se pretende establecer el perfil diferencial del psicópata no detectado frente al psicópata criminal a nivel familiar, educativo, de consumo y delictivo. La muestra está conformada por 352 internos en prisión que fueron evaluados mediante el PCL-R. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que el psicópata no detectado presenta mismas consistencias de personalidad que el psicópata criminal, difiriendo en el estilo de vida; exhibe variables moderadoras durante su desarrollo que le han mantenido alejado del comportamiento criminal; no ha tenido un estilo de vida delictivo, pero mantiene la misma capacidad que el psicópata criminal para la comisión de los delitos más graves, siendo víctimas más frecuentes familiares y parejas.


The previous criminal behavior included in the PCL-R like a criterion to evaluation of the psychopathy in the prisons, suppose that individuals considered as psychopaths in the community for their personality were not detected when they arrive to prison. The aim of this research was to establish the different profile of the undetected psychopath in comparison with criminal psychopath in the familiar, educative, substance abuse and criminal environments. The sample was made up of 352 prisoners evaluated with the PCL-R. Results revealed that undetected psychopath showed the same personality but different lifestyle than criminal psychopath. Moreover, undetected psychopath accounted with moderating variables during his development that avoid them committing criminal behavior. Finally they did not show a criminal lifestyle, however, as the same as a criminal psychopath, they had the capacity to commit serious crimes being their victims their relatives or couples.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Prisoners/psychology , Analysis of Variance , Chi-Square Distribution , Criminal Behavior , Prisons , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Psicol. Caribe ; 33(1): 1-13, ene.-abr. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-783599

ABSTRACT

La desadaptación juvenil está asociada con diversos factores psicosociales, y los de carácter familiar y escolar son algunos de los más significativos. El objetivo del estudio es explicar la relación que existe entre los factores de socialización y afrontamiento en la resolución de problemas para el desarrollo de una competencia social adaptada en el periodo adolescente. Para ello, se seleccionaron los participantes mediante un muestreo intencional, con submues-treo por conglomerados, y el total fue de 493 alumnos adolescentes (rango de edad de 12 a 19 años). Los resultados confirman que los adolescentes cuentan con los medios suficientes para afrontar los problemas y optan por la inmediatez de la respuesta, constatando como variables importantes aquellas que tienen que ver con el apoyo social y la consideración de los demás, la influencia negativa del retraimiento social y el autocontrol en las relaciones sociales. Se plantea la importancia del proceso de socialización en el andamiaje para alcanzar una adaptación competente.


The juvenile maladjustment is associated with several psychosocial factors, the family and school some of the most significant. The aim of this study is to explain the relationship between socialization and coping factors in problem solving for the development of social competence adapted in the adolescent period. To this end, participants selected trough by purposive sampling with subsampling cluster with a total of 493 adolescents students (age range 12-19 years). The found results confirm that our teenagers have the means to address problems and opt for the immediacy of the response, noting important variables as those having to do with social support and consideration of others, the negative influence of social withdrawal and self-control in social relations. The importance of the socialization process in the scaffold is proposed to achieve a competent adaptation.

4.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 29: 46, 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-910041

ABSTRACT

Violence in interpersonal relationships in young people has been the subject of several studies in recent years. Studies of dating violence show that one of the resources available for the young to help perceive and distinguish abusive or violent behaviour is an indicator which increases the ability to recognise as well as confront the reality of abuse. Certain violent behaviour however can be perceived as non-abusive, where the victim and the aggressor can share an abnormal view of the relationship in which possession, jealousy and exclusivity are considered significant elements within the relationship. The objective of this study is to understand and establish the levels of aggravation (degree of tolerance) towards violent behaviour in relationships of engaged adolescent Mexicans affected by abuse, by considering gender and level of perception of abuse as variables. The sample was formed of 3304 young Mexican students between the ages of 13 and 22, containing 1432 boys and 1872 girls, 1383 pursuing university studies, whereas the remaining 1921 were pre-university students. CUVINO was administered in order to determine the abusive conduct and levels of discomfort (tolerance), which allowed us to observe that the highest levels of discomfort, greater than those caused by any other kind of abuse, are experienced by women, especially regarding sexual victimization within the category of those non-abused women that presented a lower level of tolerance. This finding led us to identify, as a major risk factor, those men and women with a high level of tolerance, who did not perceive themselves as having been abused. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Courtship/psychology , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Personality , Interpersonal Relations , Mexico
5.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 28(4): 698-707, out.-dez. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-763125

ABSTRACT

ResumenDiversos estudios coinciden en señalar que la prevalencia de enfermedades mentales en internos penitenciarios es significativamente mayor que en la población general. En este contexto, la literatura muestra que existe una importante presencia de síntomas del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) en esta población. Sin embargo, la investigación al respecto es escasa. En este estudio se estimó la prevalencia con cribado positivo para TDAH en la población penitenciaria, y se establecieron las características sociodemográficas asociadas al trastorno. Se administraron dos escalas de evaluación del TDAH ampliamente empleadas y validadas en población adulta - ASRS y WURS. Los participantes fueron 143 presos del Establecimiento Penitenciario de Villabona (Asturias, España), con un rango de edad entre 18 y 69 años. Los resultados obtenidos indican una prevalencia aparente del TDAH en torno al 25% utilizando ambas escalas y con resultados coincidentes entre ellas. Además se encontraron diferencias significativas por sexo, por nivel de escolaridad y situación laboral, con diferentes perfiles según la presencia de los síntomas del TDAH. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de estudiar las consecuencias de este trastorno en la población penitenciaria, con el objeto de mejorar el manejo terapéutico en este contexto, atendiendo a sus características. (AU)


AbstractThere is a good deal of evidence suggesting that the prevalence of mental disorders among imprisoned people is significantly higher that in general population. In this context, literature shows that there is an important presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) within this population. However, research on this topic is lacking. This study estimated the prevalence of ADHD in a penitentiary population by means of positive screening and established the sociodemographic characteristics related to the presence of the disorder. Two different scales of ADHD, widely applied and validated for adult population, were used for this purpose - ASRS and WURS. One-hundred and forty three prisoners between 18 and 69 years old from Villabona's Penitentiary Establishment (Asturias, Spain) took part in this study. Results showed 25% of apparent prevalence of ADHD, using both scales. Statistically significant differences were found in sex, educational level and employment situation, showing different profiles as a function of the presence of ADHD symptoms. These results highlight the need to study the consequences of this disorder within imprisoned populations in order to improve therapeutic management, paying attention to their characteristics. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Prisoners/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain
6.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 13(2): 737-748, jul. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-785357

ABSTRACT

En este estudio nuestra pretensión es la de conocer el grado de victimización sufrida en una muestra de individuos mexicanos de ambos sexos y escolarizados, y analizar en cada uno de los niveles educativos el poder predictivo de las distintas formas de victimización en la pareja, sobre el uso de las etiquetas de maltrato-sentirse maltratado y tener miedo-. Participaron 3495 estudiantes de México escolarizados a quienes les aplicamos el Cuestionario de Violencia entre Novios.Los niveles de victimización y la percepción de maltrato son mayores en estudiantes de universidad, en ambos sexos. La percepción de miedo es mayor en las mujeres universitarias y en los varones preuniversitarios. Es importante destacar el número de jóvenes que declaran no sentirse maltratados ni tener miedo, pues eso dificultará su disposición para finalizar la relación sentimental...


Subject(s)
Humans , Fear , Violence , Spouse Abuse
7.
Ter. psicol ; 33(1): 5-12, abr. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-749440

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la prevalencia de conductas de violencia o maltrato de pareja (dating violence), y las diferencias por sexo y nivel de estudios a través de los ocho factores reportados desde el cuestionario CUVINO (alfa = .92). La muestra utilizada fue de 3495 jóvenes mexicanos (1537 hombres y 1958 mujeres), de los cuales 55.2 por ciento eran preuniversitarios y 44.8 por ciento universitarios. Los resultados mostraron una elevada prevalencia de victimización especialmente en el tipo de maltrato categorizado como psicológico (desapego, coerción, humillación), por género y sexual; las adolescentes reportan más perpetración de violencia en el noviazgo y menos victimización, tanto en preuniversitarios como en universitarios. Los varones tienen una percepción de maltrato mayor, especialmente de tipo físico, castigo emocional e instrumental, aunque no son las conductas de mayor ocurrencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados.


The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of violent behavior or partner abuse (dating violence), as well as gender differences and level of schooling in a sample of 3495 Mexican youth (1537 males and 1958 females; 55.2 percent pre-undergraduate and 44.8 percent undergraduate students) through the eight factors from the CUVINO measure (alpha = .92). The results showed a high prevalence of victimization, especially for the abuse categorized as psychological (detachment, coercion, humiliation), gender-related and sexual-related; Female adolescents report more perpetration of dating violence and less victimization, both at the pre-undergraduate and undergraduate levels. Males have a greater perception of abuse, especially physical, emotional and instrumental punishment, though not higher occurrence behaviors. The implications of the results are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Students/psychology , Sexual Partners/psychology , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Violence/psychology , Aggression/psychology , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Battered Women/statistics & numerical data , Mexico , Prevalence , Psychometrics , Interpersonal Relations
8.
Arq. bras. psicol. (Rio J. 2003) ; 67(2): 105-121, 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-765799

ABSTRACT

La psicopatía es un trastorno de personalidad caracterizado tanto por la falta de afecto, remordimientos y empatía como por seducción, manipulación y utilización del otro. Nuestro objetivo es realizar una revisión bibliométrica sobre los artículos de revistas científicas recogidos en la plataforma de datos PsycINFO, hasta febrero del 2013, en base a los descriptores "Psychopathy" y "Antisocial Personality Disorder". Los resultados ofrecen información sobre: la evolución y tratamiento de ambos términos, la productividad anual, lugar de publicación, revistas científicas, autores más prolíficos, conceptos clave más utilizados, así como se concretizan los esfuerzos en muestras penitenciarias, mediante la realización de un análisis del contenido de los principales autores y la intervención en la psicopatía, lo que nos permite observar la necesidad de aumentar los criterios de diagnóstico de la psicopatía, aludiendo a la perspectiva de género, al contexto social, y a las características de personalidad.


A psicopatía é um transtorno de personalidade caracterizado tanto por falta de afeto, remorsos e empatía como sedução, manipulação e uso do outro. Nosso objetivo é realizar uma revisão bibliométrica de artigos em revistas científicas recolhidas no banco de dados PsycINFO até fevereiro de 2013, a partir dos descritores "Psicopatia" e "Transtorno da Personalidade Anti-Social". Os resultados fornecem informações sobre: o desenvolvimento e tratamento de ambos os termos, a produtividade anual, local de publicação, revistas científicas, autores mais produtivos, conceitos-chave mais utilizados, assim como os esforços em amostras penitenciárias realizando uma análise de conteúdo dos principais autores e a intervenção em psicopatia, permitindo mostrar a necessidade de incrementar os critérios de diagnóstico de psicopatia, em referência ao gênero, ao contexto social e à caracteristicas de personalidade.


Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized both by a lack of affection, remorse and empathy, as by the ability to seduce, manipulate and use other people. Our goal is to perform a bibliometric review of articles published in scientific journals listed in the PsycINFO database by February 2013, using the keywords "Psychopathy" and "Antisocial Personality Disorder". The results provide information on the evolution and treatment of both terms; annual productivity; place of publication; recurrent scientific journals; most prolific authors; most popular keywords; as well as efforts undertaken in prison samples. Content analysis of the main authors show the need to increase diagnostic criteria for psychopathy according to gender, social context and personality traits.


Subject(s)
Antisocial Personality Disorder , Bibliometrics
9.
Univ. psychol ; 13(3): 839-852, jul.-set. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-745664

ABSTRACT

Este artículo es resultado de un estudio cuantitativo que tiene como objetivo el definir el perfil de las redes de apoyo formales e informales en relación con la reincorporación social de los usuarios del programa de la Dirección del Sistema Postpenitenciario y Atención a Liberados del Estado de Jalisco, México. La muestra esta integrada por 260 usuarios de este sistema, quienes accedieron a participar en la evaluación y a realizar una entrevista de seguimiento a los seis meses. Los análisis realizados ofrecen unos resultados que constatan una alta satisfacción de los usuarios con respecto al programa y al sistema de apoyo formal de reincorporación social; a su vez, el abandono del programa no correlaciona con el apoyo formal, siendo de resaltar que el apoyo informal presenta una correlación positiva con este de acuerdo con las figuras y la adaptación social de estas. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para afrontar la reinserción social de los penados.


This paper results from a quantitative study, which aims to define the profile of the networks of formal and informal support in relation to social reintegration program users of the Postpenitentiary System Office and The Attention of the Released Bureau of the State of Jalisco, Mexico. The sample consists of 260 users of this system, who agreed to participate in the evaluation and make a follow up interview at six months. The analysis give results where a high user satisfaction regarding the program and the formal support system of social reintegration, in turn, leaving a program does not correlate with the formal support, being noted that the informal support show a positive correlation with this according to the figures and their social adaptation. Implications of the results to address the social reintegration of prisoners are discussed.


Subject(s)
Prisoners , Rehabilitation
10.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 46(2): 92-101, mayo-ago. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-735142

ABSTRACT

Asumiendo que la percepción del clima emocional resulta de la interacción social del individuo con los eventos del entorno, el estudio considera como necesidad contar con un instrumento para evaluar este clima en un ambiente estresante como el penitenciario. El objetivo es adaptar una escala de clima emocional y a su vez establecer los factores que lo conforman y la relación de estos con el grado de quema de los trabajadores penitenciarios en el desarrollo de su trabajo; asimismo, se busca conformar el grado de estabilidad en el ámbito transcultural. Los participantes son 728 trabajadores de instituciones penitenciarias de Colombia (N = 506; 369 varones y 137 mujeres) y España (N = 222; 164 varones y 58 mujeres), con edades entre 18 y 60 años y que pertenecen principalmente al colectivo de vigilancia. Se utilizaron los instrumentos: Clima emocional organizacional penitenciario (Ruiz, 2007a, 2007b) y el Inventario de burnout de Maslach y Jackson (1981). Los resultados refieren, a través del análisis factorial confirmatorio, una estructura bifactorial: clima positivo y negativo, ofreciendo una buena consistencia tanto para las subescalas y la escala global como en ambas realidades penitenciarias evaluadas, aunque con diferencias significativas en el ámbito transcultural. Las realidades de estrés muestran una convergencia diferencial con respecto a cada uno de los contextos evaluados, a la vez que identifican realidades contextuales diferenciales. Se discuten los resultados en cuanto a la implicación para una mejor comprensión de la estructura bifactorial del clima emocional y sus implicaciones para futuras investigaciones y en cuanto a intervención.


Assuming that the perception of emotional climate results in the social interaction of the individual with environmental events, this study is based on the need for a tool to assess the climate in a stressful environment like prisons. The objective is to adapt an emotional climate scale, whilst establishing the factors that shape it and their relationship to the level of burn-out in prison workers in their work, and seeking to determine the degree of stability at a transcultural level. The participants were 728 prison workers in Colombia (N = 506, 369 men and 137 women) and in Spain (N = 222, 164 males and 58 females), with ages ranging from 18 to 60 years, and were mainly prison guards. The tools used were the CEP- Organizational Emotional Climate in Prisons (Ruiz, 2007a, 2007b) and the Burnout Inventory-MBI by Maslach and Jackson (1981). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the results show a two-factor structure: a positive and negative climate, offering good consistency, both for subscales and global scale, as evaluated in both prison climates, although with significant differences at the transcultural level. The stress variable exhibit differential convergence with respect to each of the contexts evaluated, and identify differential contextual variables. The results are discussed at the level of involvement for a better understanding of the bifactorial structure of emotional climate and its implications for future research and intervention level.

11.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 27(3): 415-423, 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-722229

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio es adaptar el CSI - Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento - al contexto penitenciario. La muestra - 261 penados, 97% varones (n=253) - del Sistema Postpenitenciario y Atención a Liberados (DSPAL) del Estado Jalisco, México. Los instrumentos utilizados: Ficha Penitenciaria de Historia de Vida y el Inventario CSI. Los resultados refieren una estructura de primer orden casi idéntica a la obtenida para la población general, con niveles de consistencia interna satisfactorios, al mismo tiempo que la interpretación de segundo orden no confirma la estructura de segundo y tercer orden. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para intervención penitenciaria. (AU)


The aim of the present study is to adapt the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) to the prison context. The sample consisted of 261 prisoners, 97% were male (n = 253) from Sistema Postpenitenciario y Atención a Liberados (DSPAL) of Jalisco, Mexico. The instruments used were Record of Prison Life History and the CSI. The results reported a first-order structure almost identical to that obtained for the general population with satisfactory levels of internal consistency whereas the results of second-order interpretation do not confirm the original structure of second and third order. The implications of the results for prison intervention are discussed. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Prisoners/psychology , Stress, Psychological , Adaptation, Psychological , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Prisons , Psychometrics , Mexico
12.
Arq. bras. psicol. (Rio J. 2003) ; 66(1): 1-17, 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-717413

ABSTRACT

La dinámica de abuso en la edad adolescente y primera juventud facilita la violencia en las relaciones adultas. De ahí la prioridad para desarrollar instrumentos de evaluación que permitan la pronta intervención. Nuestro estudio marca un doble objetivo: realizar un análisis bibliométrico (según la productividad por año, país, idioma, revistas y autores) y un estudio de contenidos (creando un sistema de categorías a partir de las palabras clave de uso más frecuente) de la literatura sobre el tema. Un total de 1.724 artículos, publicados entre 2000 y 2010, incluyeron las palabras clave dating violence y/o intimate partner violence. Se encontró una tendencia ascendente en la productividad anual; un dominio de EE.UU. como país de publicación; el inglés como idioma de elección; una alta presencia de estudios centrados en muestras femeninas; y un alto interés de los autores más prolíficos por las consecuencias de la violencia de pareja sobre las víctimas. Se discuten los resultados...


O abuso na adolescência e na primeira juventude facilita a violência nas relações adultas. Por isso, é prioritário desenvolver instrumentos de avaliação que permitam uma intervenção rápida. O presente estudo tem um duplo objetivo: realizar uma análise bibliométrica, segundo a produtividade por ano, país, idioma, revista e autores, e um estudo de conteúdos, criando um sistema de categorías a partir das palabras-chaves de uso mais frequente na literatura sobre o tema. Compreende um total de 1274 artigos que contém as palabras-chave: violência no namoro e/ou violência do parceiro íntimo publicados entre 2000 e 2010. Encontrou-se uma tendência ascendente na produtividade anual, no dominio dos EUA, como país de publicação; o inglês como idioma mais frequente; alta presença de estudos centrados em amostras femininas e elevado interesse pelas consequências da violência do parceiro sobre as vítimas por parte dos autores mais produtivos. Realiza-se discussão sobre os resultados...


The abusive dynamics during adolescence and early adulthood may foster violence in adult relationships. Hence the priority to develop assessment tools for the early intervention. Our study addresses two objectives: a bibliometric analysis (productivity by year of publication, country, language, source and authorship) and a study of content (creating a system of categories based on the most frequently used keywords, and analyzing the contributions of the most prolific authors) on the literature. We included a total of 1724 articles published between 2000 and 2010 that presented dating violence and/or intimate partner violence among their keyword field. We found an upward trend in yearly productivity; a dominance of U.S as country of publication; English as the language of choice; a high presence of studies focusing on female samples, and a high interest of the most prolific authors for the consequences of the partner violence might have on victims. Results are discussed...


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Domestic Violence , Sexual Partners
13.
Univ. psychol ; 11(2): 523-534, jun.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-669318

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las características del apoyo social informal otorgado a la mujer maltratada por su pareja íntima, quiénes lo aportan, así como el tipo de apoyo percibido por las entrevistadas. Es un estudio cuantitativo realizado en Guadalajara, Jalisco, en el que se aplicó el Cuestionario de Apoyo Social Percibido de las Fuentes de Apoyo (Gracia & Herrero, 2004) a 204 mujeres maltratadas por su pareja. Los resultados del análisis de cluster mostraron que el tipo más frecuente de red de apoyo presentaba a los amigos como principal fuente de apoyo. Otros tipos de red de apoyo encontradas en este estudio fueron: familia de origen, compuesta principalmente por padre, madre y hermanos(as) y pareja e hijos (que incluía en algunas mujeres al agresor como fuente de apoyo).


The main goal of the present research is to identify the support networks of women victims of partner violence paying attention to both sources and type of support provided. Information about network support from 204 participants living in Guadalajara (Jalisco, México) was obtained using the Relationship-specific Perceived Social Support (Gracia & Herrero, 2004). Cluster analysis revealed that the most frequent type of support network included friends as the main source of social support. Two other types of network support were found in this study: family of origin support (mother and sisters, mainly) and partner and offspring's support (in some cases the batterer was also included in this support network).

14.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 37(4): 462-471, oct.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615766

ABSTRACT

Introducción Los datos relativos a la atención de las necesidades de las víctimas de violencia de género en las relaciones interpersonales con su pareja íntima, en general no toman en cuenta las variables que inciden en el problema del servicio. Estos aspectos se encuentran definidos, a su vez, en la ley General de Acceso a una Vida Libre de Violencia, donde un primer paso sería conocer y no ignorar la realidad. Objetivos Presentar los aspectos relacionados con la violencia por parte de la pareja en las relaciones interpersonales y la petición de ayuda, en un grupo de mujeres que habita en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Métodos La investigación es cuantitativa de corte transversal. El instrumento utilizado fue una entrevista semiestructurada a 204 mujeres que manifestaron que habían sido violentadas por su pareja íntima. Resultados La violencia de tipo psicológica en el 98 por ciento de mujeres fue la predominante y la agresión verbal, en el 97,1 por ciento, la más frecuente. Un alto porcentaje de las mujeres victimas de violencia física, independientemente del medio coercitivo utilizado, temieron por sus vidas. El 65,7 por ciento de las mujeres no solicitó ayuda ni hizo denuncia. Conclusiones En la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara existe un grupo importante de mujeres atemorizadas en su convivencia interpersonal dentro de sus hogares, a las cuales les han faltado apoyo y recursos personales para salir del núcleo maltratante y denunciar. Los servicios asistenciales, policiales y de salud tienen que mejorar las prestaciones a esta población.


Introduction Data on the attention paid to the needs of the victims of gender violence in their personal relationships with their partners do not take generally into account the variables affecting the service. These aspects have been defined in the General Law of Access to Violence-Free Life where the first step would be to learn about rather than to ignore the realities. Objectives To present the aspects of violence on the part of a sexual partner in the personal relationships of a couple and the request for help in a group of women living in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Methods A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted. The instrument was semi-structured interview made to 204 women who went to several institutions of the metropolitan area to state that they had been abused by their partners. Results Psychological violence prevailed in 98 percent of women whereas oral aggression was more frequent in 97.1 percent. A high percentage of battered women, regardless of the coercitive means used by the partner, feared for their lives. Additionally, 67.7 percent of women neither asked for help nor reported the violent action. Conclusions In the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, there exists a significant number of women who feared for their personal relationships in their houses; they have lacked support and personal resources to get out of their abusive environment and to report these actions. This violence also brings about more health problems for the females, in terms of physical condition, integration and social adaptation.

15.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 12(2): 69-76, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-635224

ABSTRACT

El éxito académico de los adolescentes se relaciona con el tiempo que dedican al estudio, determinado por su grado de responsabilidad, así como por el registro comportamental conflictivo. Por ello, este estudio ha relacionado el rendimiento escolar con el comportamiento antisocial y el nivel de responsabilidad de una muestra de 433 adolescentes asturianos (España) provenientes de diferentes centros educativos públicos. Para ello se han utilizado tres instrumentos de evaluación: un cuestionario que recoge información sobre el rendimiento escolar, un cuestionario de personalidad (Big-Five) y un inventario de conductas antisociales (ICA). Se comprobó que el comportamiento antisocial auto-informado por los adolescentes, y la variable individual de responsabilidad, inciden tanto en la adaptación escolar de nuestros adolescentes como en el interés por dedicar su tiempo al aprendizaje escolar. De igual forma, se analizan implicaciones y se indican futuras directrices para investigar.


The academic success of teenagers is related to the time that they devote to studying, which in turn is determined by their level of responsibility as well as for their record of troublesome behavior. Thus, this study aims at examining the relationship between school performance, antisocial behavior and level of responsibility in a sample of 433 teenagers from Asturia (Spain) who attended different public educational centers. With this purpose three assessment instruments were used: A questionnaire that gathers information about school performance; a personality questionnaire (Big-Five) and an inventory for antisocial behavior (ICA). Findings showed that the adolescents’ self-informed antisocial behavior and the individual variable of responsibility affect both the school adjustment of our teenagers as well as their interest to devote their time to school learning. The study analyzes the implications of these findings and shows some guidelines for future research in this field.


O sucesso escolar dos adolescentes está relacionado ao tempo que gastam em estudo, determinado pelo seu grau de responsabilidade, e pelo registro de comportamento conflituoso. Portanto, este estudo tem vinculado o desempenho escolar ao comportamento anti-social e o nível de responsabilidade de uma amostra de 433 adolescentes em Astúrias (Espanha), de diferentes escolas públicas. Utilizaram-se três instrumentos de avaliação: um questionário que coleta informação sobre o desempenho escolar, um questionário de personalidade (Big Five) e um inventário de comportamento anti-social (ICA). Verificou-se que o comportamento anti-social auto-informado pelos adolescentes e a variável individual de responsabilidade influenciam tanto na adaptação da escola dos adolescentes como no seu interesse para dedicar seu tempo ao aprendizado escolar. Da mesma forma, se discutem as implicações e sinalam-se direções futuras para pesquisa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Social Responsibility , Underachievement , Adolescent , Antisocial Personality Disorder
16.
Salud ment ; 32(2): 125-138, mar.-abr. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632697

ABSTRACT

Introduction This research offers a comprehensive analysis of the distinctive status of Alcohol in two types of young consumers (alcohol and alcohol/ cannabis), which is internalised by the consumers themselves, creating a distortion in their risk perceptions inherent to experimentation. In this sense, the focus of this study is on the change experienced in the attitude sphere in a threefold dimension: cognitive factors (beliefs, expectations, perceptions, etc.), affective factors (identification with the user, liking or disliking, etc.), and behavioural factors (inclination to accept the habit); as well as risk perception and the conscience of the physical and/or psychosocial damage derived from alcohol experimentation and the motivations that lead to its consumption in a sample of adolescents from four High Schools in the Principality of Asturias (Spain). We link such attitude profiles to the social representation of recreational drugs associated with socio-cognitive restructurating processes promoted by the corresponding user mentalities. In addition, there is evidence of the influence of the sociocultural context on the distinctive status of the psychoactive substances analysed, in this case alcohol and those derived from cannabis. Contrary to the high permissiveness towards alcohol, other psychoactive substances, such as cannabis products, are socially demonised, as they have been considered a gateway for the use of other drugs coming from a tradition far from the western one. However, there appear to be more permissive consciences lately. In relation to young people, attitudes of guilt are being made more flexible, a tendency that can be extended to the distortion of risk perception in alcohol consumption among the users of cannabis products themselves. Strictly, we should consider the distinctive perceptions of the risks associated with experimentation and the attitude patterns that identify them. We must also consider cannabis products and whether or not they are being compared to alcohol as a social drug, or if, on the contrary, the rejection conscience of such practices is being reinforced. Materials and method A distinctive and descriptive analysis of users of alcohol and cannabis products with respect to non-users is presented. This analysis encompasses the attitude sphere, risk perception and the knowledge of the negative consequences derived from the use of alcohol and other experimentation with psychoactive substances in a sample of 273 adolescents, chosen from four High Schools in the Principality of Asturias (Spain) by means of an intentional sampling. They have different academic levels and are within the ages of 14 to 18, the average age being 16.5. 140 of them are girls (51.3% of the sample) and 133 boys (48.7% remaining). The main variables studied are those related to attitudes towards adolescents' use of alcohol alone and those who habitually use it with cannabis products. The main study variables are represented by the attitude sphere, risk perception, the problematic of alcohol consumption, and the knowledge of the negative consequences derived from alcohol consumption and from other experimentations with cannabis and other psychoactive substances. A questionnaire, created ad hoc, has been provided by the researchers, which, under the label of Scale of attitudes and habits of alcohol consumption, includes an analysis of different related elements in the aetiological proposal. The value of Alpha in 273 valid cases and 142 items is .9171. With regard to the research procedure, an anonymous presentation of the Scale to the aforementioned group of students over a two-week time period has been prepared. For the statistical treatment of the data, a statistics package SPSS, version 14.0 has been used. Results According to the results obtained, it is confirmed that adolescent alcohol consumers, on one hand, and those who consume alcohol and cannabis products, on the other, show attitudes of great permissiveness towards consumption, distorted beliefs and expectations, socio-affective alienation and scarce sensitising with respect to those affected by the problematic of it, and a favourable disposition to consumption and even an alcoholic habituation. Firstly, a comparative analysis of response percentages has been done, before indicators through which different aspects of the cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions of the attitude towards alcohol consumption are evaluated, along with the distortion of risk perception and basic information about the consequences derived from consumption experiences, in either adolescents who are users of alcohol, or those who, apart from alcohol, are habitual users of cannabis products. From the descriptive analysis some conclusions can be drawn such as: • Obvious permissive disposition towards the process of alcoholic habituation in adolescent users of alcohol, mainly extensible to users of both alcohol and cannabis products. • From the evaluation of the cognitive dimension of the attitudes, explicit disposition is confirmed, in the sense of displaying a distortion of these attitudes. This can be attributed to, as it has been pointed out in the theoretical exposition, the possible action of the user mentality. • In the evaluation of attitude aspects, a dominant tendency to display a scarce identification and sensitising disposition with respect to those who give up drinking or are abstemious and even to openly show rejection to congratulating somebody that has given up drinking. • Lastly, the finding of coincidences between adolescent alcohol users and those who also use cannabis products in the determination of the main motivations that drive their alcohol consumption. The tendency of a more permissive attitude towards alcohol consumption in adolescents is confirmed along with a distorted perception of the risks derived from questions related to organic damage associated with experimentation. In the evaluation of the alcoholism problematic in our society, we also have found the confirmation of a mentality associated with experimentation that leads to a distortion of the damages derived from experimentation. Therefore, with respect to the distinctive analysis of the main motivations that drive alcohol consumption, a tendency of evasion of routine is confirmed. Peer pressure by consumer friends, disposition to lose one's inhibitions, meeting people, and experiencing euphoria are the main reasons that drive experimentation in adolescents who consume alcohol and, also, in those users of both alcohol and cannabis products. A tendency to recognise the scarce negative consequences suffered is derived from the analysis of the degree of perceived problems stemming from experimentation with different psychoactive substances, as well as the risk perception and negative consequences derived from their experiences of alcohol consumption and from the main explicit reasons for not drinking. According to an analysis procedure similar to the aforementioned, the importance of the differences found between consumers and non-consumers either of alcohol or both alcohol and cannabis products could be determined, confirming recognition of worse consequences perceived on physical and psychosocial health derived from experimentation, even though it cannot benefit a real consciousness, as has been confirmed through the previous attitude analysis.


Objetivo Nuestro objeto de estudio es el análisis de las actitudes hacia la experimentación con sustancias psicoactivas (alcohol y cannabis) de acuerdo a una triple dimensionalidad: factores cognitivos (creencias, expectativas, percepciones, etc.), afectivos (identificación con los usuarios, agrado o desagrado, etc.) y comportamentales (inclinación para la aceptación del hábito). Así como la percepción de riesgos y la conciencia de daño físico y/o psicosocial derivado de la experimentación con alcohol. Además de analizar los motivadores del consumo en una muestra de adolescentes de cuatro Centros de Secundaria del Principado de Asturias, España. Se ofrece un análisis comprehensivo del estatuto diferencial que el alcohol tiene entre dos perfiles de jóvenes consumidores (alcohol y alcohol/cannabis) que es interiorizado por los propios consumidores afectando a una distorsión de sus percepciones de riesgo inherentes a la experimentación. Vinculamos semejantes perfiles actitudinales a procesos de reestructuración sociocognitiva y de carácter motivacional impulsados por las correspondientes mentalidades del usuario. Asimismo, se evidencia la influencia del contexto sociocultural sobre el estatuto diferencial de las sustancias psicoactivas objeto de análisis, en este caso alcohol y derivados cannábicos. Material y métodos Se realizó un muestreo intencional de un colectivo de 273 adolescentes escolarizados de diferentes niveles académicos de edades que oscilan entre los 14 y 18 años que cursan estudios en cuatro Centros de Enseñanza Secundaria del Principado de Asturias, España. Las principales variables investigadas son las relativas a las actitudes ante el consumo de alcohol por parte de adolescentes experimentadores de tal sustancia y de aquellos que usan regularmente junto al alcohol los derivados cannábicos. La esfera actitudinal ha representado la principal área explorada bajo una triple dimensionalidad: factores cognitivos (creencias, expectativas, percepciones, etc.), afectivos (identificación con los usuarios, agrado o desagrado, etc.) y comportamentales (disposición para el consumo e inclinación para la aceptación del hábito). Asimismo, se ha investigado acerca de las motivaciones que impulsan al consumo y las razones explicitadas para beber y no beber, así como sobre aquellas que pueden mediatizar semejantes usos. Junto al plano actitudinal, la percepción del grado de riesgo y problematicidad inherente al consumo de alcohol, así como el conocimiento acerca de las consecuencias negativas derivadas del consumo de alcohol y de las experimentaciones con cannabis y otras sustancias psicoactivas representan las principales variables investigadas. Resultados Se confirma que tanto los adolescentes consumidores de alcohol, por un lado, como los de alcohol y derivados cannábicos, por otro, muestran unas actitudes de gran permisividad ante el consumo, creencias y falsas expectativas, desapego socioafectivo y escasa sensibilidad respecto a quienes se hayan afectados por la problemática, así como una disposición favorable al consumo e incluso a la habituación alcohólica. Del análisis del grado de problematicidad percibida, derivada de la experimentación con diversas sustancias psicoactivas, así como de la percepción de riesgos y consecuencias negativas que se han derivado de sus experiencias de consumo de alcohol, se deriva una tendencia a reconocer las escasas consecuencias negativas sufridas. A partir del análisis diferencial de los factores de percepción de riesgo y de las razones que podrían aducirse para no-beber se ha confirmado que los adolescentes que experimentan con alcohol y derivados cannábicos manifiestan en su conjunto una menor percepción de los riesgos asociados a la experimentación contrastando con la mayor concientización del potencial daño alcohólico de quienes no son usuarios. A partir del análisis de las actitudes globales ante el alcohol se confirma que los consumidores de otras sustancias psicoactivas -en relación con los adolescentes que beben pero no experimentan con otras drogas- son más permisivos, manifiestan unas creencias más distorsionadas y una mayor disposición hacia la habituación alcohólica.

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